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Universal Design for Learning
The Action & Expression Principle

Adaptive Expertise Model

The adaptive expertise model is useful in scaffolding strategy development. It has three steps: guided learningOpens in a new window (educators decide on the learning goals, strategies, and assessments), active learningOpens in a new window (learners decide on the learning goals and self-plan and organize around these but with support from the educator), and experiential learningOpens in a new window (students guide all aspects of the learning through interaction with others and reflection on their experience). In this model, learning becomes increasingly self-directed (Dumont et al., 2012Opens in a new window).

Reflect

Think of a key concept you teach or key message you deliver in your role. How might you facilitate action and expression activities with your learners that move through these scaffolded stages – guided learningOpens in a new window, active learningOpens in a new window, and experiential learningOpens in a new window? If you wish, you can complete the activity below first and come back to this reflection question after.

Let’s have a look at how some key strategies for supporting executive functioning might evolve as we move through the stages of adaptive expertise (adapted from CAST, n.d.; Tu & Soman, 2014Opens in a new windowNovak & Thibodeau, 2016Opens in a new window). These are just examples. Feel free to think of your own strategies to use in your learning environment.

In the activities below, match the correct learning category from the adaptive expertise model with its corresponding example. Each example corresponds to the title strategy (e.g., Planning & Organization).

Matching activity

Planning & Organization

Instructions

Match the correct category of learning with its corresponding example.

If using a mouse, trackpad, or touch device, drag a category from the category of learning group and drop it on to an example.

If using a keyboard or screen reader, press the tab key to highlight the category dropdown list within an example. Press space to open the category list, and the Up arrow / Down arrow keys to navigate the list.

If the category you select is incorrect keep trying!

Category of learning
Examples
Matching activity

Applying Learning Strategies

Instructions

Match the correct category of learning with its corresponding example.

If using a mouse, trackpad, or touch device, drag a category from the category of learning group and drop it on to an example.

If using a keyboard or screen reader, press the tab key to highlight the category dropdown list within an example. Press space to open the category list, and the Up arrow / Down arrow keys to navigate the list.

If the category you select is incorrect keep trying!

Category of learning
Examples
Matching activity

Goal Setting, Prioritizing, & Monitoring Progress

Instructions

Match the correct category of learning with its corresponding example.

If using a mouse, trackpad, or touch device, drag a category from the category of learning group and drop it on to an example.

If using a keyboard or screen reader, press the tab key to highlight the category dropdown list within an example. Press space to open the category list, and the Up arrow / Down arrow keys to navigate the list.

If the category you select is incorrect keep trying!

Category of learning
Examples
Next sectionLearner Variability in Strategy Development